If I remember correctly, while I was at MSU it became necessary for the University to ban provisions in fraternity charters that excluded minorities. Ours banned blacks and probably Jews, too. We removed the ban from our charter, but then each member was asked to secretly swear an oath that he would blackball any minority who wanted to pledge Pi Kappa Phi. Not being very enlightened at the time, I went along with it. Only two of the brothers refused to do so: Chuck Neubecker and Ron Fedorowicz.